See birien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bury"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "buiry"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "bery"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "buiry"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "bury"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:byrġan<id:bury>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰergʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*burgijaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*burgijan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"byrġan\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"birien\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"birien\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "byrġan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English byrġan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "byrġan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English byrġan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*burgijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *burgijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English byrġan, byriġan, from Proto-West Germanic *burgijan, from Proto-Germanic *burgijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birieth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biryinge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "birien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to birien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biriede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biriest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biriedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biriede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biriede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birieden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biriede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "birieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biryinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biriende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybiried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "byrye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beryen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beryn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beryyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "byryyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bery",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "birrȝenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "birien",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "birieth",
"2": "biryinge",
"3": "biried"
},
"expansion": "birien (third-person singular simple present birieth, present participle biryinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle biried)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "biri",
"part": "biryinge"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biriel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biriels"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biriere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biryinge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "birynesse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Burial",
"orig": "enm:Burial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bury (inter a corpse in a grave or tomb)"
],
"id": "en-birien-enm-verb-ETU~E214",
"links": [
[
"bury",
"bury"
],
[
"inter",
"inter#English"
],
[
"corpse",
"corpse#English"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
],
[
"tomb",
"tomb#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "graven"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Burial",
"orig": "enm:Burial",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bury (store belowground securely)"
],
"id": "en-birien-enm-verb-cO5VhocZ",
"links": [
[
"bury",
"bury"
],
[
"store",
"store#English"
],
[
"belowground",
"belowground#English"
],
[
"securely",
"securely#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "graven"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To submerge, sink, or engulf."
],
"id": "en-birien-enm-verb-Xcn-cIdK",
"links": [
[
"submerge",
"submerge"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
],
[
"engulf",
"engulf"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To dwell or live; to make a habitat in."
],
"id": "en-birien-enm-verb-Wach6qZw",
"links": [
[
"dwell",
"dwell"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"habitat",
"habitat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To dwell or live; to make a habitat in."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 16 6 13 46 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 4 14 49 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 16 3 7 67 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 2 12 64 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 15 6 13 52 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To perform funeral rites."
],
"id": "en-birien-enm-verb-a9QE5hAd",
"links": [
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"funeral rites",
"funeral rites"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To perform funeral rites."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To abandon, forego, or renounce."
],
"id": "en-birien-enm-verb-BBNGnvBK",
"links": [
[
"abandon",
"abandon"
],
[
"forego",
"forego"
],
[
"renounce",
"renounce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To abandon, forego, or renounce."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbirjən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbiri.ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛrjən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛri.ən/",
"note": "especially East Anglia or East Saxon"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈburjən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈburi.ən/",
"note": "especially Southern or West Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːriː/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"especially"
]
}
],
"word": "birien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰergʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Burial",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bury"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "buiry"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "bery"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "buiry"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "bury"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:byrġan<id:bury>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰergʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*burgijaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*burgijan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"byrġan\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"birien\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"birien\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "byrġan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English byrġan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "byrġan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English byrġan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*burgijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *burgijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English byrġan, byriġan, from Proto-West Germanic *burgijan, from Proto-Germanic *burgijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birieth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biryinge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "birien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to birien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biriede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biriest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biriedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biriede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biriede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birieden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biriede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "birieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biryinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biriende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybiried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "byrye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beryen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beryn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beryyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "byryyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bery",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "birrȝenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "birien",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "birieth",
"2": "biryinge",
"3": "biried"
},
"expansion": "birien (third-person singular simple present birieth, present participle biryinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle biried)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "biri",
"part": "biryinge"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "biriel"
},
{
"word": "biriels"
},
{
"word": "biriere"
},
{
"word": "biryinge"
},
{
"word": "birynesse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To bury (inter a corpse in a grave or tomb)"
],
"links": [
[
"bury",
"bury"
],
[
"inter",
"inter#English"
],
[
"corpse",
"corpse#English"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
],
[
"tomb",
"tomb#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "graven"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To bury (store belowground securely)"
],
"links": [
[
"bury",
"bury"
],
[
"store",
"store#English"
],
[
"belowground",
"belowground#English"
],
[
"securely",
"securely#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "graven"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To submerge, sink, or engulf."
],
"links": [
[
"submerge",
"submerge"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
],
[
"engulf",
"engulf"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To dwell or live; to make a habitat in."
],
"links": [
[
"dwell",
"dwell"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"habitat",
"habitat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To dwell or live; to make a habitat in."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To perform funeral rites."
],
"links": [
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"funeral rites",
"funeral rites"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To perform funeral rites."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To abandon, forego, or renounce."
],
"links": [
[
"abandon",
"abandon"
],
[
"forego",
"forego"
],
[
"renounce",
"renounce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To abandon, forego, or renounce."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbirjən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbiri.ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛrjən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛri.ən/",
"note": "especially East Anglia or East Saxon"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈburjən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈburi.ən/",
"note": "especially Southern or West Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːriː/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"especially"
]
}
],
"word": "birien"
}
Download raw JSONL data for birien meaning in Middle English (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.